① Isiteji Sokuklama
1. Ukumodela okunembayo kwe-3D:
- Ngosizo lwesofthiwe ye-CAD/CAM yobungcweti, dala imodeli ye-3D enembe kakhulu ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko zokusebenza zemishini yezokwelapha nezimiso ze-ergonomic. Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke imininingwane yemodeli, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu, ama-engeli, nama-surface curvature, ihlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini, ihlinzeka ngohlaka olunembile lokucutshungulwa okulandelayo.
- Sebenzisana eduze nochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izidingo ezikhethekile zemishini yezokwelapha ezinhlelweni zomtholampilo futhi uhlanganise lezi zidingo ekwakhiweni, njengamajamo okusebenzelana okukhethekile kanye nezidingo zokunemba zezikhundla zokufakwa.
2. Lungiselela ukwakheka komklamo:
- Lapho uklama, cabangela ukuba nokwenzeka kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula futhi unciphise izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezingxenye okunzima ukuzenza umshini ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwamukela idizayini elula nephumelelayo ngeke nje kuthuthukise ukulawuleka kokucubungula ukunemba kodwa futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
- Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, njengezikhundla zokufakwa kwezinzwa ezinemba okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokukhwelana zezingxenye ezihambayo, yenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe komshini kanye ne-kinematic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile nokunembile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
② Ukukhethwa Kwezinto
1. Khetha izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu:
- Khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinezakhiwo ezinhle zokuwakha kanye nokuzinza, njengensimbi engagqwali yezinga lezokwelapha kanye nama-alloys e-titanium. Lezi zinto zinezici ezinjengamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye ne-biocompatibility enhle, engahlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwemishini yezokwelapha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
- Lawula ngokuqinile ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, kufaka phakathi ubumsulwa nobulukhuni bezinto. Qinisekisa ukuthi iqoqo ngalinye lezinto ezibonakalayo lihlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula ukuze ugweme ukunemba kokucubungula okungazinzile ngenxa yokuhluka kwezinto.
2. Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi:
- Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, yenza ukunakekelwa okufanele ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, njengokuhlanganisa nokujwayela, ukuze kuqedwe ingcindezi yangaphakathi yezinto futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokucubungula nokuzinza kwezinto.
- Kwezinye izinto ezikhethekile, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kungadingeka, njengokufafaza i-coating ekhethekile, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokubola kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto futhi kusize ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula.
③ Inqubo Yokucubungula
1. Khetha amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anembe kakhulu:
- Tshala imali ekuthengeni amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamasistimu okulawula amanani anokucaca okuphezulu, ama-spindle anembe kakhulu, namasistimu okuphakelayo. Lawa mathuluzi omshini angafinyelela amanani amancane okuphakelayo kanye nokulawula ukuma okunembe kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokucubungula.
- Gcina futhi ulinganise amathuluzi omshini njalo ukuze ugcine ukuzinza okunembayo kwamathuluzi omshini. Hlola izimo zokuguga zezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana namareyili angumhlahlandlela nezikulufu zokuhola zamathuluzi omshini bese ushintsha izingxenye ezigugile ngesikhathi.
3. Lungiselela amapharamitha wokucubungula:
- Ngokuhlolwa nokuqongelelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho, thola imingcele yokucubungula efanele, okuhlanganisa isivinini sokusika, isivinini sokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika. Amapharamitha wokucubungula anengqondo anganciphisa amandla okusika, anciphise ukuwohloka kokushisa, futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yendawo yokucubungula nokunemba.
- Yamukela ubuchwepheshe bokusika ngesivinini esiphezulu ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula. Ukusika ngesivinini esiphezulu kunganciphisa umthelela wamandla okusika ku-workpiece futhi kwehlise ubulukhuni bobuso obucutshunguliwe.
2. Ukukhetha nokuphathwa kwamathuluzi:
- Ngokwezidingo zezinto zokucubungula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, khetha amathuluzi afanelekile. Impahla, ukuma kwejiyomethri, nosayizi wamathuluzi kufanele kufane nemisebenzi yokucubungula ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yokusika kanye nokunemba kokucubungula.
- Sungula uhlelo lokuphatha ithuluzi lokuqapha nokuqopha izikhathi zokusetshenziswa nezimo zokugqoka zamathuluzi. Shintshanisa amathuluzi agugile njalo ukuze ugweme ukuncipha kokunemba kokucubungula ngenxa yokuguga kwamathuluzi.
4. Ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula:
- Sebenzisa indlela yokucutshungulwa kancane kancane ezinyathelweni eziningi, futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kwesinyathelo ngasinye. Ngobukhulu nobukhulu obuyinhloko, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukunemba obufana nokugaya nokukhipha umshini wokukhipha ugesi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu.
- Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokupholisa nezokugcoba ukuze unciphise ukushisa okusika nokungqubuzana, wehlise ukuwohloka okushisayo kwendawo yokusebenza, futhi unciphise ukulimala kwendawo.
- Ezingxenyeni ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuxhumanisa kwe-axis emihlanu bungasetshenziswa ukufeza ukucutshungulwa kwezindawo eziningi ekusetheni okukodwa, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle.
④ Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi nokulawula
1. Sungula isistimu yokuhlola ikhwalithi eqinile:
- Hlomisa imishini yokulinganisa enembayo ephezulu efana nemishini yokulinganisa yokuxhumanisa kanye nezibonakhulu zamehlo. Yenza ukuhlola okuphelele kobukhulu, umumo, kanye nobulukhuni bendawo yemikhiqizo yempahla yezokwelapha ecutshunguliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iyahlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini namazinga ekhwalithi.
- Yakha izinqubo namazinga okuhlolwa kwekhwalithi enemininingwane futhi wenze ukuhlolwa okuqinile kubukhulu obubalulekile kanye nenkomba yokusebenza ngayinye. Misa uhlelo lokulandelela ikhwalithi ukuze kuthi lapho izinkinga zekhwalithi zenzeka, izimbangela zingatholakala ngesikhathi futhi izinyathelo zingathathwa.
2. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi senqubo:
- Yenza ukuqapha kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Isibonelo, ngokufaka izinzwa kumathuluzi omshini, qapha izinguquko kumapharamitha afana namandla okusika nokudlidliza, futhi uthole izimo ezingavamile zokucubungula kusenesikhathi futhi wenze izinguquko.
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwamasampula emikhiqizweni yeqoqo ngalinye lokucubungula futhi uhlaziye ukuzinza kanye nokuthambekela kwekhwalithi yokucubungula. Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlola, lungisa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nemingcele ngesikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
3. Isinxephezelo sephutha nokulungiswa:
- Sebenzisa idatha yokulinganisa ukuze uhlaziye amaphutha ukuze uthole imithombo yamaphutha akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, njengamaphutha ethuluzi lomshini, amaphutha okugqoka kwamathuluzi, namaphutha okushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
- Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa kwephutha, sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besinxephezelo sephutha ukuze ulungise isistimu yokulawula yamathuluzi omshini noma uthathe izinyathelo zesinxephezelo kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, njengokulungisa imvume yokucubungula nokushintsha ukulandelana kokucubungula, ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba kokucubungula.
⑤ Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuphathwa Kwabasebenzi
1. Ukukhuliswa kwabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe:
- Cela abasebenzi abahlelayo be-CNC, abaqhubi bamathuluzi omshini, kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlola ikhwalithi abanolwazi olucebile namakhono ochwepheshe. Banikeze ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kanye namathuba okufunda ukuze bakwazi ukwazi uchwepheshe bakamuva bokucubungula nezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi.
- Khuthaza izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe ukuthi zenze izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo, futhi ziklomelise futhi ziqaphele labo abenze igalelo elivelele ekuthuthukiseni ukunemba kokucubungula.
2. Ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okuqinile:
- Sungula uhlelo oluphelele lokuphatha ukukhiqiza ukuze ulinganise inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nemininingwane yokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukuthi sonke isixhumanisi senziwa ngokwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezinto zabantu ekucubunguleni ukunemba.
- Ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwendawo yokukhiqiza, gcina indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile futhi ehlelekile, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
UFUNA UKUSEBENZA NATHI?
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo eziphelele ezingenhla, imikhiqizo yemishini yezokwelapha enembayo ingenziwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zemishini ye-CNC ukuze ihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile zemboni yezokwelapha ngekhwalithi nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2025
